In the Book Room - 19 Aug, 1899

IN THE BOOK ROOM

A Comprehensive History of Egypt

The Brooklyn Daily Eagle

Saturday, 19 August, 1899

Page 8

Volume LIX - Issue 229

"...It was not difficult for the Greek general and his followers to conform to the national religion of Egypt..."

"...Alexander had founded the City of Alexandria and to it after his dead his body was brought, through Ptolemy's influence. It was a Greek colony at first, but in the following centuries became a thoroughly Egyptian city..."

"...Hellenic influences naturally had a considerable effect upon the life of the capital and its immediate neighborhood, and in later centuries the conflicts between Jews and Greeks in Alexandria were furious and bloody..."

Value of Old Coins - 31 Aug, 1884

The Brooklyn Daily Eagle, August 31, 1884, Volume XLV, Issue 241, Page 4.

VALUE OF OLD COINS

"That coins are interesting, as giving us portraits of those who have made some show in the world, in undoubted. It is equally true that by their means we are made acquainted with the existence of kings and kingdoms of whom history has left no records. The fact of a Greek kingdom of Bactria occupying that even yet comparatively unexplored region half way between the Caspian and the Himalays, was revealed to the world only some fifty years ago by the finding of coins bearing portraits and legends of the Greek speaking rulers. An extremely large silver piece in the British Museum, supposed to belong to a period anterior to 480 B. C. and struck by the Odomanti of Thrace, a tribe of whom we know nothing, was found at Ishtib. In the same collection is a large silver coin of the Orrescii, an unknown Macedonian people, which was found in Egypt, along with a very early drachma of Terone, and a large decadrachm of Derronikos, a king unknown to history. These are supposed to have been carried to Egypt by some or the soldiers of Xerxes, during their retreat from the battle of Plataea. - Chambers' Journal."

Alexander's Conquest - 21 May, 1887

LITERARY NOTES

Alexander's Conquest

The Brooklyn Daily Eagle

Saturday,

21 May, 1887

Page 1

Volume XLVII

Issue 140

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Documents-Macedon.Blogspot.com

The Brooklyn Daily Eagle - 13 Dec 1885

The Brooklyn Daily Eagle, 13 Dec 1885, Volume XLVI, Issue 344, Page 6.

"...Had King Milan really aspired to conquest on his own account, obviously the best thing for him to do was to have attacked Turkey directly, and, liberating Macedonia and Epirus, in conjuction with Greece to have restored the Greek speaking provinces to the Hellenes, retaining old Servia as the rightful reward of his enterprise..."

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Watching the Greeks, 4 Apr, 1886

The Brooklyn Daily Eagle, Sunday Morning, April 4, 1886, Volume XLVI, Issue 93, Page 1.

WATCHING THE GREEKS

"Reinforcements are being hurried forward to the French squadron in the Levant, owing to the Government's having been informed that the Greek Chamber of Deputies had decided to proclaim the independence of Macedonia, Epirus, the islands of Crete, Chio and Rhodes, and other Greek inhabited isles of the archipelago. The French fleet is ordered to refrain from participating in any demonstration by the united fleets of the other Powers."

Dr. Angell and Turkey - 19 Apr, 1897

DR. ANGELL AND TURKEY

New York Greeks Going to Fight for Their Native Land

"...The sinking of the Greek steamer Macedonia in the Gulf of Arta..."

The Brooklyn Daily Eagle

Monday,

April 19, 1897, Page 2.

The Thessalonian Letters - 20. XII. 1897

THE THESSALONIAN LETTERS - 20 Dec, 1897.

The Apostle's Earlier Conception Christ

"...This, then, was his preaching in Thessalonica. Driven out from Philippi, he had passed to Thessalonica. It was one of the largest cities in ancient Greece. Salonica, the same city a under different name, is said to be the largest city in European Greece, next only to Constantinople..."

Paul's Retreat from Thessalonica

"...So he retreated from Thessalonica and left the infant church just born. It appeared to have in it the greatest promise of any church which Paul had up to that time visited. It included some Jews; it included few Greeks; it included a great multitude of proselytes, and it included some noble and wealthy women..."

"...He reminds them that from their church went forth fame, so that the cities of Macedonia round about learned of this remarkable gathering in which Jew and Pagan, poor and rich, were united for the first time, perhaps, in Grecian history, certainly in the history of that particular city..."

"...Some have already died. Will they lose this Messianic kingdom? Have they [the Thessalonians] been banished to the shadowy Hades in which the Greeks believed?..."

Brooklyn Daily Eagle, 06 May 1893

The Brooklyn Daily Eagle, Saturday, May 6, 1893, Volume LIII, Issue 125, Page 4.

RECENT EVENTS

"...The Albanians in Macedonia continue to burn Greek and Servian villages and to torture the Christians..."

Brooklyn Daily Eagle - 15 Nov, 1885

The Brooklyn Daily Eagle, Foreign Fact and Comment, 15 November 1885, Volume XLVI, Issue 317, Page 11.

"...That the Greeks should be anxious to secure countries inhabited by Greeks, in the event of the collapse of the Turkish rule in Europe, is only right and proper. But by objecting to the union of the two Bulgarias they invalidate their claim to any portion of the property of the Sick Man. The doctrine of nationality and that of the balance of power are antagonistic. If the Greeks are to oppose the Bulgarians being united because this may render Bulgaria stronger than Greece, by a parity of reasoning Europe may oppose Albania, any portion of Macedonia, and the Greek Islands of the Levant, joining the Greek kingdom, on the ground that the aspirations of the inhabitants of these localities must be sacrified to general European interests..."

The Crescent - 06. III. 1878

The Brooklyn Daily Eagle

6 March, 1878

Page 2

Volume XXXIX

Issue 64

THE CRESCENT

The Ottoman Power in Europe

"...Roumania was the ancient Dacia which was settled by the Latins and Thrace and Macedonia and Thessaly formed parts of the Grecian confederation..."

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Turkey and Greece - Jan 23, 1881

The Brooklyn Daily Eagle, 23 January 1881, Volume XLII, Issue 22, Page 2.

TURKEY AND GREECE

"...There is an opinion that it does not exceed 4.000.000 souls, but recent statistics taken on the spot from the archives of the episcopates and consulates, fix the number of Greeks in Thessaly, Upper and Lower Epirus, Macedonia and Thrace, at more than 4.000.000. Indeed, the first [Thessaly] of these States numbers over 350.000 Greeks, the second [Upper Epirus] 450.000, the third [Lower Epirus] 320.000, the fourth [Macedonia] 900.000 and the fifth [Thrace] 2.000.000; add to these 1.000.000 which is a little less than the actual number of Greeks upon the islands under the Porte, and we will have 5.020.000 Greeks under the Turkish rule; add again 3.000.000 of Greeks in Asia and Africa, and 600.000 spread in the five parts of the world, and finally 1.700.000, which is the population of the Kingdom of Greece, and we will see then that the Greek population amounts to 10.320.000..."

Conclusion: It's not the aim, number of Macedonian Greeks in 1881 under the Ottoman rule, but the aim is the Greek name in Ottoman region in Macedonia. This article is the best testimony for it. (M. P.)

The Turko Greek Trouble - 30. IV. 1882

The Brooklyn Daily Eagle

Wednesday,

April, 30, 1882

The Turko Greek Trouble

Volume XLIII

Issue 240

"...To the north of it, as far as the Vistriza, the population is Greek, and beyond this almost purely Greek zone lies Macedonia, the possessions of which the Greeks assert as theirs under ethnographical and historical claims..."

Brooklyn Eagle about Macedonian clans

The Brooklyn Daily Eagle, 13 October 1901, Volume LXI, Issue 284, Page 14.

HOLDING CAPTIVES FOR RANSOM A FAVORITE INDUSTRY OF THE BRIGANDS OF BULGARIA

"...Not so, however, in Albania and Macedonia, the last strongholds of the Turk in Europe. Placed nominally under the care of Christian Europe by the treaty of Berlin, the unspeakable Turk still dominates the land which has become the rallying ground of bands of cut throats belonging to all creeds and nationalities. The chiefs, however, and the back bone of these bands are Albanians. The membership is made up of Greeks, Turks and Bulgarians..."

"...The pupils who make up the student body in the Macedonian and Albanian schools are of many different nationalities, as well as clans. The major part are Bulgarians, Wallachians, Servians and Albanians, but these again are divided into the villagers of Debri, Malesia and others..."

Photos:

- Mirodites, Chief and servants. (Mirodites are ethnic Albanian inhabitants from Lezhë region in Northern Albania present-day. Their origin is from Gheg Albanian tribe)
- A Debir citizen. (Citizen of the city Debar/Diber in western part of FYROM present-day. According to costume the man is probably ethnic Albanian)
- Bulgarian Grandmother carrying the baby. (Bulgarian old-woman from Ottoman Macedonia. Probably from western part of FYROM present-day)
- A Tosk. (Ethnic Albanian man from the tribe of Tosk Albanians. He was Orthodox Christian belonged to Greek Church of Constantinople)
- A Malesian. (An inhabitant of Malesia region, present-day in southwest FYROM. Probably from ethnic Albanian origin, or maybe Slavic origin, who declared himself as Bulgarian)
- Wallachian teachers, Macedonia. Educated at the American Mission School at Monastir. (Two Aromanian teachers with Greek origin)

Discovered by M. P.

Brooklyn Daily Eagle - 13.01.1889

The Brooklyn Daily Eagle

RUSSIA'S LONELY RULER

The Position of Austria

Volume XLIX

Issue 12

13 January 1889, Page 1

"...The treaty of San Stefano did wrong to Greece and Servia by giving the whole Macedonian land to Bulgaria, as a large part of it was not Bulgarian, but Greek and Servian..."

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Turkish Earthworks Razed - 07.III.1897

The Brooklyn Daily Eagle, 7 March 1897, Volume LVII, Issue 65, Page 1.

Salonica, March 6 - Feverish activity prevails here in the military preparations. Four extra battalions of redifs have gone to Caterina.

Edhem Pasha, who is to command the Turkish troops in Macedonia, has arrived here and will proceed immediately to Elessona.

Sixty battalions of infantry, fifteen batteries of artillery and four regiments of cavalry are now posted on the Greek frontiers of Macedonia and Epirus. 

Belgrade, March 6 - Communication has been broken off between Salonica and Monastir owing to damage done to the railway by Greek bands.

Brooklyn Daily Eagle - 02.06.1879

Brooklyn Eagle, Volume XL, Issue 152, 2 June 1879, Page 2

CURRENT EVENS

The insurrection in Macedonia is reported to be on the increase and that the Greeks are joining the Bulgarians.

The event about Macedonian (Kresna) uprising, raised by the Bulgarians against the Ottoman authorities. This uprising is called Macedonian, because it was raised in Macedonia. Its character was multiethnic, because Ottoman region of Macedonia was inhabited by many ethnic groups (Greeks, Bulgarians, Turks, Albanians, Serbs and others).

Brooklyn Daily Eagle - 6 May 1854

AN APPEAL

To the Free and Benevolent Nation of the United States of America, by the Greeks of Macedonia, Thessely, Thrace, Epirus, Ionia and the Greek islands.

Four hundred years of intolerable bondage, infinite and unexpressable suffering brought upon us by the yoke of the Mussulmans - a yoke that made the cup of live to overflow with bitterness - oblige us to take up arms that we might be free, and assert the truth that all men are born free and equal.

Christians of America, free and happy people of the United States; the present Panhellenic movement, is but the continuation of the great work begun in 1821, which the whole world then rejoiced to see.

The citizens of the United States then heard of our wrongs, pitied and assisted us. For that same assistance we call on you know. The present war is a holy war, it is a religious war. We are struggling against oppression. It is the great struggle between light and darkness, the Gospel and the Koran.

Americans your former compassion for the Greeks have not been forgotten by them. The American name has always been dear to the people of Greece. Our gratitude for your past kindness has lasted for more than thirty years, even to the present moment - we people have nothing to look back on our past conduct and feel discouraged to ask again for your assistance. And you, the Americans, can with the approbation of Christian conscience, assist us again, having had no cause to repeat of what you had formerly done in behalf of us.

Americans, you have been informed of what the people of independent Greece have been doing in the cause of education, ever since they have been free. You are no strangers to the exertions made by the Greek people under the Turkish yoke, in the cause of education. All these facts, known to you as they are, we hope will incite your noble hearts to encourage us by your seasonable assistance.

Americans, for the sake of our fathers, whose percepts have been so elevating to the nations, and above all, to your classic institutions - assist us.

Benevolent Americans, for the sake of humanity - assist us.

Free Americans, for the sake of liberty and the exalted rights of human nature which you enjoy - assist us.

Christian Americans, for the sake of Him whom we both worship, who died for all, and whose Testament you have read in our language - assist us as brothers in Christ.

Brooklyn Daily Eagle - 25 July 1897

The Greek War as I Saw it

G. W. Steevens on "What happened in Thessaly"

25 July 1897

Page 16

"...There were to be fearful outbreaks in Macedonia, Epirus and Albania, and tumults and burnings in all the chief cities under Turkish rule where Greeks dwelt - Smyrna, Constantinople, Salonica and so on..."

Click on the picture to enlarge!

The Eastern Question - 15 Nov 1885

THE EASTERN QUESTION

Reviewed Historically and Contemporaneously

The Brooklyn Daily Eagle, 15 November 1885, Page 7.

Analysis excerpts from the article:

"...The sea coast of Thessaly to Constantinople, a region extending to varying distances into the interior, was thoroughly and entirely Greek except in one place east of Salonica, where it was cut by a small compact body of Turks... By the conformation of the coasts Macedonia and Thrace are connected with the Greek world..."

1 - According to Eugene Schuyler the Macedonian coast was inhabited by Greeks.

"...With this exception the Christian population of his great region, extending southward from Servia to Salonica and eastward to the Black Sea and Constantinople, was composed entirely by Bulgarians..."

"...The remainder of the Bulgarians, living in Macedonia..."

"...the Bulgarians endeavored to obtain a better situation for their countrymen in Macedonia..."

2 - The author testifies about Bulgarian national and ethnic sense of Slavs in Macedonia.

"...The Servian portion might perhaps for convenience be extended quite down to the large town of Uskup, [Skopje] and Servia would thus have her ancient capital, Prizrend, and the sacred sites of early Servian history. The whole middle portion of Macedonia is Bulgarian; but exactly how far either the Greek race of Greek influence extends into the interior is a matter of much greater dispute. From personal observations, which are confirmed by best authorities, it would seem that a proper line would be one including Monastir, and thence running eastward along the mountains to Kavalla, including Serres and Drama. This would give to Greece Salonica and Mount Athos and all the country where Greek influence is predominant..."

3 - Eugene Schuyler proposed, how to solve the problem with Macedonian Question. His solution was to be divided the borders of Macedonia along ethnic lines.

"...They imagine themselves [Greeks of the Constantinople and Aegean islands] to be the immediate descendants of the ancient Greeks and the rulers of the Byzantine Empire. While this gives great stimulus to their patriotism it misleads them. Filled with the accounts of the exploits of Alexander of Macedon and of the glories of Byzantium, the Greek lays claims to northern countries where Greek influence at no time very greatly extended or was greatly felt..."

4 - According to author, Alexander of Macedon was Greek, and he testify that Greeks of Constantinople and Aegean islands felt as descendants of ancient Macedonians and Medieval Byzantines. His claim that in northern countries (as Macedonia, Thrace and Northern Epirus) were not so strong Greek influence and national feeling is result of his Slavophile (friend of Slav peoples) politics.

"...Among all the islands on the coast of Asia Minor and even in Egypt; for whatever may be the future of Egypt the period when it was under Greek rule and Greek influence was its best and most prosperous one..."

5 - Egypt was under Greek rule and influence, during the Alexander's campaign and the rule of Ptolemaic dynasty. Because of this, we can conclude that about Eugene Schuyler, Alexander's campaign and the royal family which ruled the Ptolemaic Empire in Egypt during the Hellenistic period, are part of Greek historical heritage.

Final conclusion - Macedonians as ethnic group or community are not mentioned anywhere in the article.

The Churches - 28 October 1889

THE CHURCHES

Sermons Delivered in Brooklyn Pulpits Yesterday

The Brooklyn Daily Eagle, 28 October 1889, Page 1, Volume XLIX, No. 298 

The Rev. S. B. Halliday, pastor of the Tabernacle Congregational Church, is preaching to growing congregations. The subject of his discourse yesterday morning was as follows: "And a vision appeared to Paul in the night; there stood a man of Macedonia and prayed him, saying, Come over into Macedonia and help us." Acts XXI:9. Rev. Mr. Halliday said:

Paul and Barnabas had been associated together in evangelistic labors from place to place. They had come to Antioch, where they continued "teaching and preaching the word of the Lord." Presently Paul said unto Barnabas, "Let us go again and visit our brethren in every day where we have preached the word of the Lord and see how they do." Barnabas wanted his nephew Mark to accompany them on visit, which for reasons that do not appear Paul was opposed to. This disagreement proved a source of sore contention, which ended in separating them the one from the other. Barnabas "taking Mark, sailed to Cyprus, and Paul chose Silas and departed being recommended by the brethren unto the grace of God." Passing on from place to place under the leadings of the Holy Ghost, the finally came to Troas is used to denote the whole country of the Trojans, where the ancient city of Troy stood. It was here that Paul's night vision occurred. "There stood a man of Macedonia, and prayed him, saying, Come over into Macedonia and help us." This vision of the apostle has been a subject of some speculation. Was it a dream in which there was the appearance of a man arrayed after the manner or custom of the people of Macedonia and his speech like that of the Macedonians? Or was it a representation made to the senses while awake? I do not know. In different ways God has appeared to His servants to make known His will to them, and whatever way, by what agency or medium this message was brought to the apostle, he unquestionably regarded it as the voice of the Master to him, for he declares, "Immediately we endeavored to go into Macedonia, assuredly gathering that the Lord had called us to preach the Gospel unto them." Macedonia covered a large a territory of Greece and was the first country of Europe in which we have information of the Gospel being preached. Phillippi seems to have been the first place in Macedonia in which the apostle labored, being the principal city at that part of Macedonia. His preaching was blessed from the first, and souls under it were made converts to the religion of Jesus. It was here, remember, that Paul and Silas were mobbed, whipped and thrust into prison, and "that they might not escape they were thrust into the inner prison and their feet made fast in the stocks," a most cruel and suffering infliction. "And in midnight Paul and Silas prayed and sang praises unto God, and the prisoners heard them; and suddenly there was a great earthquake, so that the foundations of the prison were shaken and immediately all the doors were opened, and everyone's bonds were loosed." This was among the first experiences of the apostle under his response to the Macedonian cry, "Come over and help us." I am sure non of us are surprised at the quick attention and obedience of these men to this cry for help. It would seem to us unnatural for them to have done otherwise, and the entire history of Paul shows him to have been a minute man, always really; no second call or command of his great Captain was ever needed. He was always ready to march on the instant. His words were, "Immediately we endeavored to go into Macedonia." He was a soldier after Christ's own heart, always ready for marching orders, sleeping on his arms. This effort to reach Macedonia was emphasized by the cry of want. "Help, help!" was the cry; "Come over into Macedonia and help us." How much or how little the apostles knew about Macedonia and its people we are not told. It is quite possible that there were Jews dwelling in that region, for they are, and always have been and always will be, everywhere on the face of the globe, and though so far from their country and countrymen, communication would be kept up between these separated people, so that it seems reasonable to suppose that Paul and Silas were not wholly ignorant in regard to the condition of the people to whom they felt called to go...